If we look at the data for Canadians who seem to get stuck in low income, it really is the three groups that you've alluded to. Certainly, one is single parents—that's one of the groups that gets stuck to the greatest degree. The data tell us that if you're going to have children, you need to do it in a family unit. Second is completing high school. The data are clear on that: you have to complete high school. Critically what we're starting to see, particularly over the last decade, is assistance in transitioning from completing high school to training after high school, whether that's college, university, apprenticeship, etc. Then finally there is the unfortunate situation of Canadians who have addiction problems. So, absolutely, those are the three groups that seem to get stuck in low income.
