When there are investments in Canadian research, there are multiple outcomes. One that we talk about is commercialization, and depending on the research area, that could be medium- to long-term. But it should be recognized that the vast majority of research funding that is invested in our universities coast to coast supports graduate students.
We have seen an 80% growth in the number of graduate students over the last 10 years. We've also seen some of those funds support undergraduate students who are interested in research—summers in labs and that type of thing. It's those graduates who will have an immediate impact upon the Canadian economy. They bring their knowledge to business and help innovate and grow companies. We know that although we in Canada have had a tremendous growth in our graduate student cohort over the last 10 years, we are still lagging such countries as the U.K. and the United States in terms of the number, given our population, of our graduate students.
Higher investments mean more graduate students being able to become well trained and able to go out into the economy and build businesses.