I think for a long time we've had an economy structured by a low currency. When you have lower labour costs, you don't need as much automation as when you have higher labour costs. Some other countries, and we talk about Germany and the U.S., have been coping with high currencies for many years. We had so much catch-up to do suddenly when our currency started to go high very rapidly. The problem is not that we have a high or low currency; it's the volatility of it and how fast it can go up and down.
For manufacturers, productivity has started to do better after the financial crisis. Starting in 2011, the manufacturing sector has been driving productivity growth in the country, mostly because of automation and investment in machinery and equipment. We need to do more.
If you look at the level of adoption of automation in general in the Canadian manufacturing sector, it's lower than in some other countries. It's going to be a long-term problem given the demographics and given the skills issues. We need to automate more. Even if we were automating more, we would still be facing some issues like that. As I said, for every hour worked we produce $45 of goods. We need to bring that up to $55 or $60 if we want to be competing against the other countries.