In my submission, I haven't pulled out the numbers on youth unemployment or youth labour market participation specifically, but that research is readily available. I know my colleague, Ms. MacEwen, has done a lot in her work. She might like to comment.
The lasting effects of non-participation and non-employment by young people are very severe for them, for their families, and for their communities. Even their lifetime earnings can be negatively affected because even if they do eventually get a job and start working their way up the ladder, they have had a five-year delay before they start to get the earnings that would normally come with experience.
The international evidence, even from fields like criminology or health studies, shows that type of disengagement from society, the isolation, as well as the poverty, has tremendous long-term impacts not just on those affected but on all of society.