I'll make a couple of points.
One is that the relationship is non-linear. That's why we speak about the research ecosystem and why having a strong and healthy research ecosystem is so important.
I'll point to three quick examples that did not happen quickly in Canada but that really are transforming our economy.
The first is the discovery of pluripotent stem cells in Toronto on a Sunday afternoon in August 1960. It has led to the development of personalized medicine and has created a whole new economic sector in Toronto.
Think of the advances—I mention Geoffrey Hinton—in artificial intelligence, work also being done at the University of Alberta, in Montreal at McGill, and at Dalhousie University and others, whereby artificial intelligence is being applied to the agricultural sector. For many years, if you were only thinking about a narrow approach to research, that would not have been possible.
The third is the battery technology being developed out of Dalhousie, where Jeff Dahn has been recruited by Tesla, which is investing in Halifax.
Those are three very distinct areas in which fundamental research has led to a transformed economy in Canada. We can't predict where those breakthroughs will be, and that's why we need a strong research ecosystem.