The study that I mentioned has on pages 7 and 8 some examples of the ways that provinces with existing carbon pricing systems are investing some of their revenues. Each of those jurisdictions is pursuing what you might call a portfolio approach. They have not said that every cent will be dedicated to A or B; instead, they are generally using the revenue for a variety of things with the relative emphasis differing from province to province.
The major emphasis in British Columbia is on a revenue-neutral system, which means that the carbon pricing revenue is being used, in one way or another, to reduce various forms of taxation so that overall government revenues remain neutral. The example provided in the paper is that this year B.C. plans to invest its carbon pricing revenues in reducing the medical service plan premium by about half, and also cutting the personal income tax and small business corporate income tax.
Other provinces have done some fiscal balancing, but have also chosen to take the money and return it directly to households. For example, Alberta has a rebate system in place that is tailored to household income. As I said, the Government of Alberta estimates that about 60% of households will be made whole through this rebate. Ontario and Quebec are providing some rebates, but also make the money available to households and businesses to invest in energy efficiency schemes. They're also pooling the money in large technology funds that will be made available to businesses and innovators to develop and deploy clean technology.
There are a variety of ways in which revenues are being used, and indeed, that's consistent with the advice of most academic and policy reviews of carbon pricing in Canada and internationally. In Canada, most prominently, the Ecofiscal Commission published a fairly significant study of carbon pricing revenues and essentially recommended that revenues be used in a variety of ways to address whatever the most salient policy goals of the jurisdiction are.