Evidence of meeting #39 for Finance in the 43rd Parliament, 1st Session. (The original version is on Parliament’s site, as are the minutes.) The winning word was projects.

A recording is available from Parliament.

On the agenda

MPs speaking

Also speaking

Karen Hogan  Auditor General of Canada, Office of the Auditor General
Andrew Hayes  Deputy Auditor General and Interim Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development, Office of the Auditor General
Annie Ropar  Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer, Canada Infrastructure Bank
John Casola  Chief Investment Officer, Canada Infrastructure Bank

1:50 p.m.

Conservative

Pierre Poilievre Conservative Carleton, ON

But if you were going to get the money back, then we wouldn't need you to do it in the first place. There would be a private financial facility to do that. We have extremely advanced and highly sophisticated capital markets that have trillions of dollars available and love to lend to large-scale projects with predictable payout schedules. We wouldn't need the Infrastructure Bank to put up public money if it was all going to be paid back. That's why we have pension funds and other institutional investors to do it.

Obviously, the reason the federal government has funded a bank to do this is that either the risks are too high or the returns are too low for the private sector, in which case we are in fact subsidizing the project, which is in reality—as complicated as we might like to make it—a grant. I'm worried that whenever you complicate things, rather than just having a simple statement of what the government is doing, those who have the most sophisticated methods, the most political influence and the best lobbyists and consultants tend to profit, and then the public, who is paying for it, tends to lose, because they don't have the time, energy or resources to figure out what's going on with these extremely complicated transactions.

Second, I want to move on to some of these projects that you are involved with, such as a port terminal, a wind farm and some hydroelectricity projects. These are all projects that are supposed to generate their own revenue through user fees. They all have the capacity to charge user fees, and that's why they are typically funded privately. Why is the government getting involved in these? Your bank was set up to attract private funds to public projects. In these cases, it sounds like what you're doing is the opposite. You're taking public funds into what would otherwise be private projects. You're going in the opposite direction of what your bank was set up to do.

1:50 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Wayne Easter

Ms. Ropar, go ahead.

It's not your bank. It's our bank, Canadians' bank.

1:50 p.m.

Conservative

Pierre Poilievre Conservative Carleton, ON

Whether we like it or not....

1:50 p.m.

Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer, Canada Infrastructure Bank

Annie Ropar

Actually, as you're asking specific deal-related questions, I am going to turn that over to my colleague John.

1:50 p.m.

John Casola Chief Investment Officer, Canada Infrastructure Bank

Perfect. Thank you, Annie. I'd be happy to take that question.

I must say it's a bit of a peculiar way to look at things to say that complexity, if I'm understanding you correctly, is making a case for being less disciplined and less rigorous about the way to spend Canadian taxpayers' money. Not a day goes by, not a meeting we have, not a paper we write...none of that gets done without the very acute responsibility we have that we're investing taxpayer money.

If you take the REM investment of almost $1.3 billion, in Montreal, that was originally thought to be structured potentially as a grant, and in the very early days of the CIB, before any of us were there, they structured it as a loan. Look, we can talk about that for a very long time. At the end of the day, as a result of that intervention and as a result of the CIB's participation, taxpayers are now getting back $1.3 billion, where they wouldn't have before. If—

1:55 p.m.

Conservative

Pierre Poilievre Conservative Carleton, ON

Well, that's not quite true, because taxpayers—

1:55 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Wayne Easter

Pierre, Mr. Casola has the floor, and he has a little time. We'll let you in.

Go ahead, John.

1:55 p.m.

Chief Investment Officer, Canada Infrastructure Bank

John Casola

Thank you.

The CIB won't enter into any deal not expecting to get its capital back. Of course, it is a lender. It is an equity investor. We can participate in all different facets of the capital structure of any particular deal.

You're quite right when you state that a below-market loan is potentially the equivalent of a subsidy.

1:55 p.m.

Conservative

Pierre Poilievre Conservative Carleton, ON

Yes.

1:55 p.m.

Chief Investment Officer, Canada Infrastructure Bank

John Casola

I think that's quite an accurate statement, but I want to really stress, though, that where we do get involved, it's to fill some gap that the private sector won't take and that exists in the project and prevents it from coming to market. It's not that we're displacing private capital. It's quite the opposite. We believe in the vast majority of these projects. Those projects would never actually get to market to allow the private sector to participate without us there.

1:55 p.m.

Conservative

Pierre Poilievre Conservative Carleton, ON

Right, but what we have seen—

1:55 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Wayne Easter

Last question, Pierre.

1:55 p.m.

Conservative

Pierre Poilievre Conservative Carleton, ON

First of all, it's not true that taxpayers are getting money from the discounted loan. The taxpayers are providing the discounted loan. They're the ones paying the full cost of any discount of basis points on the financing. The Infrastructure Bank is a taxpayer-funded institution, so any discount you're providing the project is paid for by taxpayers, which is effectively a grant, a very complicated grant, and a hard one for the average taxpayer to figure out. In fact, most people on our committee wouldn't be able to figure out what the actual cost is to taxpayers. You're basically wrapping up a grant in a much more complicated delivery vehicle, making it even more difficult for us to know whether we're getting value for money.

The other thing I would point out is that there are some large-scale projects that should not happen. Large-scale projects that don't pay for themselves and ultimately cost vastly more than they produce in benefit are actually a reduction in the value of our economy. You can look at, for example, the subsidies that went to wind and solar in Ontario: about nine cents of subsidy for every one penny of electricity. Well, a project like that should not happen, because it costs more to the people than it benefits them.

The more complicated you make your subsidy schemes, the more likely it is that taxpayers get ripped off, and the more likely it is that some very sophisticated players, who have the right consultants and lobbyists, walk off with a big fortune.

I guess my question is, if a project is not viable, then why would we want to fund it, and if a project is viable, then why would we need to fund it?

1:55 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Wayne Easter

Mr. Casola, go ahead.

1:55 p.m.

Chief Investment Officer, Canada Infrastructure Bank

John Casola

Let me give you an example. Look, none of us would disagree with your statement that there are projects that ought not to proceed. I think what you see is a very experienced and disciplined group of people on the investment team who conduct exactly that analysis and that due diligence to see whether it makes sense.

I'll give you an example. There are risks inherent to certain projects that the lending community simply will not take. An example of that is—

1:55 p.m.

Conservative

Pierre Poilievre Conservative Carleton, ON

For good reason.

1:55 p.m.

Chief Investment Officer, Canada Infrastructure Bank

John Casola

No, not for good reason. In some cases it's for good reason, but if you'll let me explain the example.... In the Port of Montreal—or in any port, for that matter—it requires significant capital to build additional capacity in order to enhance Canada's trade position and contribute to Canada's GDP and to all the good things that enhanced trade does. A lender will not come to the table until that capacity has proven itself out, so one of the positions, one of the things—

1:55 p.m.

Conservative

Pierre Poilievre Conservative Carleton, ON

They do it all the time.

1:55 p.m.

Chief Investment Officer, Canada Infrastructure Bank

John Casola

We know it's going to take some time to ramp up to that steady state. You can't attract that capital until it gets to steady state—

1:55 p.m.

Conservative

Pierre Poilievre Conservative Carleton, ON

That's not true.

1:55 p.m.

Chief Investment Officer, Canada Infrastructure Bank

John Casola

It is absolutely true.

1:55 p.m.

Conservative

Pierre Poilievre Conservative Carleton, ON

It's not true.

1:55 p.m.

Chief Investment Officer, Canada Infrastructure Bank

John Casola

We have a team of experienced investment professionals who can provide you with many examples where that is the case. A ramp-up risk is simply one example.

Another example is if there is a much-needed service, such as broadband or electricity transmission, to communities where the end-user base simply won't support the cost. That would be a perfectly good role, for necessary and needed infrastructure, for the bank to make up that difference.

Those are just a couple of examples of when valid risks exist and we think we fill a very important and needed role.

2 p.m.

Liberal

The Chair Liberal Wayne Easter

We're five minutes over, Pierre. I let it go longer because I know you're passionate about this issue and because we needed some answers on the record.

I will have to go to Mr. Fragiskatos, but I want to come back to one point. It was inferred that you might have been involved in some of those energy projects in Ontario. Were you or were you not, so the record is clear?

2 p.m.

Chief Investment Officer, Canada Infrastructure Bank

John Casola

We have not made any investments in any energy projects in Ontario.