That's a great question. I think this is an issue that actually existed in Canada pre-pandemic as well. We have historically had lower productivity levels than the United States, for instance. Our productivity levels have actually been diverging from those in the United States since around 2011, because of some of the competitive policies that have been put in place down south to encourage investment in both technologies and skills.
We haven't seen the same level of investment or the same types of competitive policies put in place here to encourage that, so it will be very important to try to do that going forward. As many people talked about during the pandemic, there might be an acceleration of digitalization, of course ensuring that many Canadians are involved in re-skilling and upskilling so they also don't fall behind.
In terms of productivity, economists like me talk about just outputs in terms of units of input. Being able to invest and create that investment environment for technologies and skills is what will help enhance that for us. That includes infrastructure—not only traditional infrastructure but also broadband infrastructure, which will have a huge impact on that going forward, specifically for rural and remote communities, which should not necessarily have a divergence from urban communities when it comes to the economic opportunities available.