I don't know how much. I've never seen a study quantifying the impact of the carbon tax on investment. The PBO has quantified its impact on household incomes, and GDP and found it to be negative overall.
I haven't directly seen a study of investment. I think consensus in the economics profession would be that it's a wide range of variables—uncertainties about regulation and how hard it is to get projects moving forward. Obviously, some projects have just outright been nixed, including pipelines off B.C. and the TransCanada eastern pipeline, just saying outright that LNG projects on the east coast are not going ahead. It has been over and above uncertainty. There has just been an outright refusal to proceed, especially with projects in the resource sector and especially in oil and gas within that sector.
I think that has had a much more negative impact on investment in this country.