In addition to the recommendation we make for $10 billion per year for residential buildings to cover expenditures that are beyond what households would normally do for regular maintenance, we talk about $2 billion per year for no-cost, deep retrofits for low-income households of all types of tenure, householder-owned low-income as well as tenant low-income.
The reason we talk about no-cost is that we know from previous work, such as that done by the Low-Income Energy Network here in Ontario, that those households cannot afford to put money up front to undertake these expenditures, even if they were on some type of a loan or repayment program, so it leaves them out of the program entirely, and many of these households are the most in need of this kind of assistance.
In terms of equity generally, we have seen that climate is impacting vulnerable, under-resourced communities, low-income communities, inequitably because many other households can take steps to offset some of the impacts—not all of them; it depends where people are. Often they're in locations that are more prone to flooding, for example. After flooding, if they don't have remediation, they end up with mould or with asthma resulting from mould. They don't have access to cooling, for example, and there's a big issue around heat deaths going on in Canada with some untoward impacts there.