I wish there were a simple answer to that question.
Ruth mentioned the CSAS study. I was one of the authors of that study. In the chapter I wrote we looked at 10 different systems. The costs were extreme.
But I think the real issue that needs to be addressed with closed containment is the following. Let's come back to chickens for a moment, or hogs. Actually, I'll bring hogs to the table. For argument's sake, let's say that you wanted to start a hog farm. Barring any market factors and things like that, honestly, we could all get into a bus and go to look at five or ten hog farms. We'd see the same thing, more or less, five or ten times, and you could then go home and build your own farm. There's a lot of standardization in the industry.
I would argue that if you wanted to build a salmon cage farm, you could do the same thing. You could go and look at five or ten cage operations. You'd see the same thing ten times and could go back and build your own. You'd know what to do.
If I took you to five or ten land-based closed containment aquaculture facilities, you'd see ten or fifteen different designs, I guarantee it. There is no standardization in that industry, and the costs are all over the place.
About a month ago there was an innovation workshop in British Columbia on closed containment. There were seven or eight presentations on different RAS or recirculating aquaculture systems, for which the capital costs ranged from just under $6,000 per tonne of production per year to $25,000 per tonne of production per year. There is huge variability; there is no standardization in that part of the sector yet. We'll get there, but we haven't evolved and matured to the point that everybody agrees that these are the most efficient technologies to move forward with.