Thank you for the question.
Canada has had regulations in place for a number of years now, and because of the time lags in being able to detect invasive species, we're only actually able to start seeing differences now. Although the discovery of the last ballast-mediated species in 2006 coordinates nicely with the 2006 regulations, because of time lags we actually think that effect is a result of the regulations in the early 1990s, and we think it's going to be another 10 years before we see the added benefits of the introduction of tank flushing in 2005 and 2006.
That being said, we're already seeing remarkable decreases in invasion risk with the current exchange and flushing regime. Canada has already signed on to the international convention for ballast water management, which means we're moving forward to having numerical standards in place, meaning ships are going to be required to install treatment systems.