I can maybe elaborate a little bit on just a couple of points. We are talking in these percentages about the extent of open water in the summer period. It's obviously still fully iced in the winter. This has been increasing over time, and the estimates vary on when we'll get to a summer where there's no ice at all. It could be 2030—you might hear that in the near term. Other folks are saying 2050. It bounces around.
Dave's points are very well taken. The thing about this central Arctic Ocean area is that it is an Arctic ocean. It's a very cold ocean, and the productivity regime in there is still driven by cold factors. Fish are small, as Dave says, and the productivity regime is simply not there to produce the kinds of fish in the sizes you would want and in the abundance you would want to support commercial operations as we understand them.
That could change. I don't think it's imminent in any way, but I think that is one of the things that we need to begin to monitor over time. The kinds of studies we're starting to do in the western Arctic are giving us a good baseline and some good insight into how those ecosystems work so that we'll see those changes coming.
The other point I'd make, just in closing, is that, again, when we look at that whole key area in the middle that doesn't belong to anyone, that's extraordinarily deep water. There's very little shelf in there to work with, and it's usually on the shelves, when you have a more productive ocean, that you get your large biomass. That will be a factor in the future as well.