In other words, if we want to protect a species—say, lobster or cod—when we know that the numbers are going down, we would have measures other than an MPA. We don't necessarily need an MPA. We could say we're going to restrict the size, restrict the gear, restrict the area. It doesn't have to be an MPA to protect one species.
With an MPA, really we're talking about protecting the whole area, the whole environment, the whole ecosystem. We say that because, again, we have tools other than MPAs to make sure that the stock of cod rebounds. I'm not a scientist, but does the bottom affect the cod? I don't know.
What I'm trying to get at is the purpose of MPAs versus good management of a resource or a specific species.