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The decline of Yukon River salmon cannot be attributed to a single cause. Instead, it results from multiple factors affecting both the marine and freshwater environments.
In the marine environment, Yukon River salmon face intense competition for resources against foreign hatchery-bred salmon. Additionally, they must contend with changing ocean temperatures and bycatch mortality in the north Pacific marine fishery.
If they survive these marine challenges, they will encounter further difficulties in the freshwater environment. Beginning the longest migration in the world in a weakened state, they face threats from increasing river temperatures, Alaskan harvests, migratory barriers—