It is clear that after the period around the year 2000, that is, after the speculative Internet bubble burst, research and development in Canada fell, especially in the private sector. This was partly compensated by an increase or a levelling out of research and development spending funded by the federal government and in part by the provinces, for post-secondary institutions.
However, the problem is that the private sector generally decreased its spending as a proportion of GDP. So there was less research and the situation in Canada worsened compared to the way it had been 10 or 11 years ago.