To agree with your previous speaker, public-private partnerships really sit on a spectrum of procurement approaches. It's really in the way the contract is designed and the way the bundling is carried out.
I guess we've observed a few things, and one is in terms of the procurement process. The idea is of competitive dialogue, collaborating to a greater extent with the different bidders earlier on in the process, having communications with them to try to see if you can tailor a design, tailor a concession agreement that works for both parties, instead of just using this strict procurement process, and by “strict”, I mean that a competition is going to deliver you the best value for money. Trying to see if you can use greater collaboration to achieve those ends has been one aspect that we are starting to see gaining popularity literally around the world.
The other part about public-private partnerships that's often lost is that, at the core of this, it's really the idea of partnership and the idea of collaboration. The idea is that two partners working together might be able to deliver something that's better than either of them could achieve on their own. So there are emerging ways that these collaborations are coming closer together rather than further apart. It's not necessarily using a concession agreement, but trying to see if you can really align the interests in different ways, trying to really share the facilities, share the benefits, and share the costs.
Another approach has been rebalancing clauses built into the concessions. If you are going to do operations and maintenance, it's better to build in rebalancing clauses so that both parties share risks rather than just trying to transfer them where there's been a lot of trouble with transferring risk in different contexts.