It's different under different modes. We look at the state of occurrence. Where did the incident or accident happen? In the simplest terms, if a foreign carrier is involved in an accident in Canada, the Transportation Safety Board of Canada has the mandate to conduct the investigation, but signatories to ICAO, the International Civil Aviation Organization, can provide accredited representatives because we may need information from that state—the stated manufacturer, the operator of the aircraft. If it's a Canadian-registered operator or there's a significant Canadian interest, for example, a manufacturer or the number of people on board who are Canadian, but it happens in another state and that state has a strong, independent body capable of conducting investigations, that state will carry out the investigation. Then we will assist under ICAO annex 13 as an accredited rep. However, the state of occurrence conducts the investigation.
On November 23rd, 2017. See this statement in context.