A focus on culture without offering some clear, rational ways in which to raise things leaves a mixed message. I think people are incredibly smart and rational. They will have understood that somebody has tried something and that it didn't work. That's a message that gets around culturally much faster than one about what works. The proactive side of making sure that if you have a system you're going to rely on and that you tell people about it and do so really well is incredibly important, then, because you start to change the culture in terms of confidence in the system in place and being able to speak up.
Culturally in Canada I don't think you'll have much difficulty in saying that it is your duty and your responsibility—not in a legal way that duty can be, but as someone who's providing a public service. Even within private sector companies, they are providing services.
One of the backgrounds of public concern at work was consumer protection. Most of the background was actually private sector disasters—a sinking of a ferry, the explosion on an oil rig, and a bank that collapsed before we had the financial meltdown. You don't get a lot of push-back culturally, if you're talking about why you're doing it in the public interest and you're appealing to people's values and sense of wanting to do a good job and are providing them ways in which they can make sure that the people who are responsible and who will have to account for wrongdoing know about it and do something about it. Most of the shock comes when that doesn't happen.
I understood at the very beginning that in different parts of the world there are bodies within government who deal with civil servant codes of conduct and ethics. This is where I think this act became a bit confused, because it did that along with wrongdoing, and raising it somewhere, and also potential reprisals or detriment. It's trying to do an awful lot at once, and it doesn't seem to be doing anything very clearly for people and for the confusion and the questions people have. If you think about it, that's the default to silence.