We have very similar rights for public or private sector, but yes, they are enforced through separate channels. Our labour department sponsors an administrative law process for informal investigations that can graduate into administrative due process hearings for private sector employees. If they don't get a timely decision, generally within 180 or 210 days from their administrative process, they can start fresh in federal court and have a jury trial to enforce their rights.
On April 4th, 2017. See this statement in context.