I think the first point I would make is that there has been awareness that we have some challenges with biomanufacturing. We weren't ready for this pandemic, and we have lagged behind. Outside of GSK's and Sanofi Pasteur's vaccine campuses, there tends to be a number of companies, but they're small-scale companies compared to other jurisdictions around the world, so now investments are going into them to scale them up.
One of the points I made is that we wanted to mobilize existing capacity. Quite frankly, it was a real learning experience to realize what is out there and to get these companies together and working together. The investments are being made, so I think it does bode well for biomanufacturing in the future.
The other point I would make is on what kind of biomanufacturing you have in place. Some of the traditional vaccines, such as tetanus and diphtheria and pertussis vaccines, are made in large-scale fermentation and so on. That's not the way of RNA vaccines. That's a different technology. To paraphrase the old Wayne Gretzky comment a little bit, this is not to skate where the puck is but to skate where the puck will be. That's kind of what we're looking at in terms of biomanufacturing.
We need to make investments now in thinking about what will it look like in five years, and that is being taken into consideration. An example is making sure that it's flexible so that you can pivot from one technology to another. All of that has been taken into consideration in our discussions with the companies, in our advice to the government and in the negotiation of contracts.