The SCAT5 is the sport concussion assessment tool. It's not actually the fifth version, but they call it the SCAT5 for other reasons.
The document comes out of the international consensus statement on concussion in sport. There's a narrative that you can read with evidence behind it and all that kind of thing, but the SCAT is what we as physicians use to assess a sporting concussion.
It starts out with very simple things: What's your name? What's the date? What sport were you playing? What's the score? What quarter are you in? It moves on to more complex things like asking you to do some tests of short-term and long-term memory. It asks you to do some balance tests to see how your balance is affected, because that is very often affected in concussion. Then there are some concentration aspects where you ask them to subtract seven from 100, and keep going. Lots of people have difficulty doing that with a concussion, or saying the months of the year backwards. When you've tested this, you can test some of their movement as well.
Essentially you come up with a score. The score doesn't tell you whether or not you have a concussion, but it can help me as a physician.
Another thing that's part of it is that the patient rates their symptoms. As a physician, I can say that overall, I think things are improving. It's designed really only for the initial assessment to see where you're at. But certainly the self-reporting of symptoms is important as you go along.