Yes. I think you asked me about the pathway as well. What I wanted to add is that you can make nanoparticles in fundamentally two different ways. You can either grind things down, making them smaller and smaller as you go along, or you can make them by assembling things into particles of a certain size. The two things are different in the way you would actually make them and also the circumstances under which you would do them.
A specific example is Xerox, which makes toners for printers. Many years ago they started making a toner by simply taking the colourant and grinding it down, making smaller and smaller particles and going down into the micrometre scale. They then subsequently found that they could actually assemble that same kind of particle with much better precision by taking components and putting them together in a particular process. All of that is done in a manufacturing environment in which they of course try to make sure that there is minimal exposure to the people who do that. Once they've made it, they can then put it into the printer cassette, and that will go through and be used in a particular environment.
In the case of cosmetics, they take that nanoparticle and put it into the cream formulation at a factory site. Then it normally comes out to the consumer encapsulated or protected in one way or another.
In general, in those kinds of manufacturing environments the risks are at the start of the process, when you are making the particles and incorporating them into a material, and possibly at the end of the product's life, when you're disposing of it. It might then be released in ways that you might not have anticipated--for example, through the wearing down or opening of the cassette of toner or whatever.
I think those are the two areas. Most consumers would see a product in which nanoparticles are encapsulated or incorporated--maybe inside a cellphone, or something like that--and often not be exposed in that way.
I hope that addresses part of your question.