In terms of New Zealand, it's referred to in Marc-André Gagnon's study because that's kind of the source of the major savings, if we were to implement their purchasing strategies.
In a nutshell, I remember asking the head of the New Zealand drug program, “How did you do this? Is there a document? Can we read it? Can you share it?” He said, “Well, it's not really on paper. We bargain prices.” New Zealand bargains. Canada does not. So billions of dollars are saved in New Zealand.
There's an example of a study at UBC with four classes of drugs only, where you bargain for four classes, like New Zealand does. We'd save $2 billion in just four categories, $2 billion for exactly the same product. It's because we're not bargaining for purchases.