In the U.K. they've followed a very interesting model in that they've linked physician payments with the collection of patient-reported outcomes data. So physicians are obligated to instruct their patients to collect patient-reported outcomes data pre- and post-surgery, so they are able to understand the brief trajectory of change in a patient's health.
First of all, it's for only five conditions, and they are preference- or supply-sensitive conditions: vein ligation, hernia, hip, knee, and one more as well.
They are definitely going for areas where they feel they can improve the effectiveness of the care delivered and change the value-for-money proposition.