I am a recovering nephrologist. So for this issue of people with diabetes and early signs of kidney disease, their treatment is predominantly medication. It's treatment for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and specific treatment for diabetic kidney disease. Those drugs are quite expensive. If you can prevent the onset of end-stage kidney disease requiring dialysis, you will save $70,000 per year per patient, and that's quite doable. The problem is early intervention and compliance with medication. It comes back to the fact that those at greatest risk—lower socio-economic—may not be able to afford those medications. So if you want a link to pharmacare, it's those cardiovascular and renal risks that are particularly important.
On October 2nd, 2018. See this statement in context.