Okay. Thank you very much.
I want to compare the amount spent on basic research in various countries and other forms of research. In the U.S., the U.S. National Institutes of Health spends 55% of its budget on basic biomedical research, and all other forms, which are clinical, population, translation, health systems, are about 45%, so it's approximately half and half. In the U.K., 50% is basic biomedical and 50% goes to the others.
In Canada, there's a marked divergence from that. In Canada, we've spent two-thirds of our money on basic biomedical research, and only one-third goes into translating it into clinical impact or into the population or into our health systems. Overall, Canadian funding is low, but its distribution is skewed.
The type of research that is critical to bridging any discovery into practice is a clinical trial. This is where you formally test the impact of treatments on human health—the kind of thing that Dr. Fowke would like to do next.
In the U.S., 11% of the NIH budget is spent on clinical trials. In the U.K., they have two bodies: one body called the U.K. MRC, and the other called the U.K. National Institute for Health Research. The latter is for clinical population research. Of that, each one was about a billion pounds when it was started five years back.
In the NIHR in the U.K., 20% to 25% of its budget, or 10% of the national budget, is spent on clinical trials.