In Quebec, the situation is different. In cases like these, we use a vaporizer. The drug is drawn from a vial and put in a syringe, and a vaporizer is added to that to administer the drug through the nose. The patient then has to be monitored. Withdrawal is virtually instantaneous. The patient may be very agitated, and the sort of aggressiveness associated with that new state has to be controlled. An electrocardiogram is necessary as part of the monitoring. Depending on the quantity of drug absorbed, the antidote stops having effect after 30 to 40 minutes. If the person is still under the effects of opioids, they can relapse into an overdose. So every time, the patient has to be monitored for about 30 minutes and taken to hospital quickly.
On October 18th, 2016. See this statement in context.