Although I'm quite happy to send the committee the papers, if they so I wish, there have been studies that actually quantitfy this, and these are those real-world studies that I was referring to.
The Australian study I referred to talked about a range of chronic and acute conditions—cancers, diabetes, arthritis—and actually showed that you are saving money, so there's a return on investment for the health care system. Other studies have also shown that in terms of productivity, meaning economic impact, access to a number of medicines provides you with enhanced productivity, as I mentioned, because there's less absenteeism from work, and less presenteeism, which is a term meaning you're not optimal at work. You're half asleep, as I am this morning.
There are studies that have actually quantified that based on real-world analysis. These are economic studies. Therefore, I think there is a place for medicines, and for innovative medicines in particular, in the health care system; and it's a matter of getting the balance right.
I think that is our fundamental discussion here today. If you don't get the balance right in terms of funding, if you only have costing payment on what is allowed you and don't deal with the real return on investment from innovative medicines as part of the health care system, that creates problems in your health care system.
If everything was great and we had the right medicines, I wouldn't expect to see health care costs ramping up as quickly as they can. The year-on-year investment in our health care system is 29 times greater than it has been for our medicines. That's quite significant.