I'm not aware of specific studies on that, but I think as a general point—and this is not speaking specifically to the use of prescription drugs or prescribing practices in ERs—certain initiatives, such as the choosing wisely initiative, have demonstrated with the over-prescribing of just about every health care intervention, those prescriptions aren't filled. It would be useful to know how many of those prescriptions ought to be filled in terms of looking for optimal therapeutic benefit for the patient.
I want to go back to something we talked about before with this implication that somehow if the public sector took over private plans—which I don't think is really in anybody's sight lines, but even if it were—this would curtail patient choice. I think it would create a greater possibility of more consideration of efficient and appropriate drug use. There would be a fiscal incentive to make sure there were common formularies, that prescribing practices were positive, and so on.
I'm sorry, it wasn't a response to your question, but I wanted to make that comment.