Thank you very much for the opportunity to respond to that. I also have something to add to your previous question to Mr. Keon, if there is time.
We looked at Health Canada data—it isn't our data but Health Canada's data—and compared the data from Q4 2019. The regulations were passed on August 21, 2019. We looked at Q4 and how many new drugs were brought into Canada versus the previous three years. Depending on the year, there is about a 50% decrease on drugs being brought to Canada. I noted that Mr. Clark said that perhaps we don't have all the data, but if we don't, then I hope he would share that with us. Similarly, using Health Canada data, we've noticed that clinical trials have dropped between 38% and 47% in that same quarter, so the evidence is very clear to us.
Very recently, a literature review of about 49 papers that looked at the link between pricing and drug launches was released. It showed, clearly, that 44 out of these 49 papers that were reviewed found a significant negative relationship between drug price controls, or a significant positive relationship between drug price levels. There are more details on this. I know we don't have time, but I'm happy to share the information with you. The bottom line is that there is absolutely no question in our minds that there is a very clear link between pricing and drug launches, as well as investment and obviously, at the end of the day, access to medicines.
I would like to make one other comment vis-à-vis your question around investment, because that really was more about our members and the commitment with PMPRB to invest 10% of our revenues. The definition that was reflected in the PMPRB agreement was a very particular program, SR and ED, which you are probably familiar with, a tax credit program. At that time, the industry did commit to 10%, and for many years it increased its investment in that program. The problem is that the industry has changed. The world has changed in 30 years, so while it is accurate that the industry only contributes now about 5% rather than 10% in SR and ED, it does commit at least 10% of its revenue to R and D in this country.
One example...and we've been talking about this throughout the morning. Clinical trials are a critical piece of the research process. At any given time, there are about 4,500 going on in Canada. They are funded by this industry. Health Canada does not consider that research. Many of you will be familiar with MaRS in Toronto, and JLABS, which is an incubator for new research, with millions of dollars poured into that annually. That is not included.
The Government of Canada has recognized that the definition of research and development does need to be modernized. ISED and StatsCan have a project with the industry where we have redefined what R and D means, and the data is being calculated as we speak. Ernst and Young did a study a couple of years ago, and that's why we've come up with the 10%—it's actually 9.97% of revenue. The industry is a very strong contributor to R and D in Canada and would like to do more if circumstances and the situation were more amenable to that.
I'm sorry for going on at length, but I felt you deserved an answer to those questions.