Thank you.
My understanding is that the Prime Minister's statement that “all Canadians who wanted a vaccine would have one by September” is based purely on Moderna and Pfizer. Obviously, there are these other vaccines out there. We have the results of phase three large randomized, controlled trials for both AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson, as well as preliminary results from the Novavax study. They all look pretty good. When AstraZeneca mistakenly gave half the first dose, it had 90% efficacy. The vaccine from Johnson & Johnson—I think it was Great Britain— was about 72%, which is less than South Africa, but my understanding is that it has 100% efficacy in preventing hospitalization and death. This is certainly very significant.
Now they all need approval by Health Canada. Certainly AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson are more conventional vaccines—the more novel ones are Moderna and Pfizer, which have already been approved—so I would think they're likely to be approved.
There's some concern about AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson not living up to the 95% efficacy of Moderna and Pfizer, but these weren't head-to-head trials. There were different populations. There was the new British variant. Also I'm told, with respect to—