Mr. Chair, thank you for that question. I hope I'll give the answer you are looking for.
The mRNA vaccines have been extremely effective in terms of the clinical trials and the real-life data, including against variants, which I think some of the previous answers covered—and also the viral vector vaccines. We have data from clinical trials and live data as well.
The question is this: What about the other vaccines? You do need to have the clinical trial data coming out of the other vaccines to know how effective they are. Novavax is coming out with some very promising data, which has to be reviewed by the regulator.
Protein subunit vaccines are technologies that have been used for other vaccines for human use, so we know that kind of technology. Some of these vaccines have an adjuvant as an immune-boosting aspect to the vaccine as well. These are vaccines that we have used in the past.
Some of the previous questions pertained to concerns about the repeat use of vaccines and whether they will become effective as boosters, for example. That is something that we will have to examine through data. Whether the whole virus or live attenuated virus vaccines will come to fruition and be an option in the future remains to be seen. It is possible that we will be using boosters that are different from what we used for the initial vaccine programs. Again, we will have to look at the evidence.