I think that's a really fantastic question. I think it's all those things. There are going to be things on the biological side of things. There are going to be things on the social side of things as well. We talk about the “D's” and the “U's”: the denial, the dismissal, the delay, the diagnosis, and the understudied, the undervalued and the underfunded. A number of diseases and disorders do manifest differently, right? That's where we get that “atypical” label from.
Also, in another big one, there was a story just recently about a woman in her forties having a heart attack. They didn't recognize the symptoms, because one of the major symptoms is that they don't feel well. You've probably seen the stories: They go to the ER and they get prescribed anti-depressants. I think that's a big part of it. We don't recognize that the symptoms can be quite different, and that likely means that the manifestation brain-wise or body-wise is also quite different and requires different types of treatments. It's unfortunate.
Of those 3,000 studies, we also looked to see, did they analyze by sex or gender...? First of all, there was very little work on gender in general in the journals we looked at: It was 3% of studies—