I'm also going to invite Liisa to pitch in if there's anything she might want to add.
My knowledge of child apprehensions is limited to my own area of research on postpartum harm thoughts. However, I think one of the things we have underappreciated is the attachment trauma that happens when a mother is separated from her infant. We have lived with the assumption that, even for children, moving a child from an unhealthy situation to a healthy situation is only a good thing. When we have a close attachment relationship with somebody, being taken away from that person is traumatic; it's traumatic for children and traumatic for parents, and it will very likely result in fallout in terms of mental health difficulties.
First of all, I think the problem we're having is, in many ways, obviously linked to systemic racism and the history of indigenous people in Canada. However, there are also the issues of threshold and process. Our threshold is set at a level that assumes removal will not be damaging, and that it will only be helpful. Consequently, we're setting the bar in the wrong location.