We did a study a number of years ago. The pipeline was small, so we wondered how we could increase the pipeline going from high school to universities.
One of the elements, one of the facts we found at that point, was the number of science teachers in high schools who themselves did not have science backgrounds. It's difficult for science teachers to teach their subject convincingly if they themselves didn't really learn it and don't have expertise in their own backgrounds. That's one element where Canada is different from other countries.
It was also the matter of how the careers of scientists are valued or not valued. What does an engineer do? What does a scientist do on a day-to-day basis? It is not well known, so the role of the guidance counsellors is important as well.