They have not been positive. I think Ottawa's key differentiator is the quality of having four outstanding academic institutions: Ottawa U, Carleton, La Cité Collégiale, and Algonquin. To your colleague to your left, unlike this province, Alberta has made a significant difference in the recognition of previous learning among academic institutions. British Columbia is way ahead of Ontario. In this province, we are laggards in this regard. We are not doing a good enough job of recognizing previous learning. It has had a major impact on our students. It has a major impact when we have thousands of jobs needing to be filled.
When we look around the world at the Bologna Accord and the equivalent to that process in Europe, in Southeast Asia, and in Latin America, not only institutions but also countries are recognizing previous learning and credentials and allowing for the easy transference across not only institutions but country to country.
In Ontario it is shameful that we have not been able to figure this out. Again, from a student point of view and from the point of view of loss of talent, opportunity costs, and all of those things, it's significant. From a public taxpayer point of view, it is a major economic issue, I believe, for the province.