The model I'm most aware of relating to the health professions would be the Australian model. I had an opportunity to go in March with a Canadian delegation of health professionals to look at how they handle their immigration and to share best practices and common challenges. Obviously their immigration policies are a little different from Canada's, so we'll have to acknowledge that, but one of the interesting things they do is pre-assessments before someone is approved for immigration, which possibly helps them select people who have the best chance of being integrated quicker.
They also have had standing bridging programs, I believe since the 1960s, and they are in the federal model. So if you're a physiotherapist who has a really great chance of practising in the field, you know where to land and what program will be accepted. I believe it's subsidized as well by the federal government.
So they do a little more selection pre-immigration. They don't really allow a person to self-declare their occupational code; they verify. They even do offshore competency assessments whereby somebody might do a clinical assessment offshore. They have authorized people in those jurisdictions to do these.
Now, this is from a handful of countries, not from all nations. But they know, just like Canada, what their source countries are, so they've been able to work towards this, and it seems to work for them in the health professions.