Thank you for the question.
It certainly is a chicken and egg problem, as you say, and I think for good reason, because it does run in both directions. Some of what we wanted to contribute in our research was to look explicitly on the unemployment causing the poor mental health.
Essentially, what we did for that was to isolate. We looked at two different populations. One population had experienced poor mental health earlier, and therefore, we still analyzed them but pulled that out and looked at that separately. The other individuals had robust mental health prior to any spells of unemployment. We looked and found that the effect of short-term unemployment was not harmful. In additional research, we found it quite interesting that in the United States context, among African-American women, that those darker skin women—who are more likely, as previous research has highlighted, to be subject to discrimination—were more likely to suffer from depression from unemployment. We at least hypothesized that it's because their employment prospects are not as strong, which is in some ways back to the prior question about the role of opportunity and how that influences—