In terms of hearing loss and dementia, as Meredith stated earlier, people with hearing loss are at greater risk for dementia. There is a lot of evidence showing this association. We, at this time, cannot determine any causal link. It's very important that we understand that there is no cause and effect as of yet, just a strong correlation.
In terms of that, it's really that people with hearing loss are expending a lot of their efforts and energies to listen, and listen meaningfully, especially in noisy environments. They're doing these tasks that take a lot of cognitive load at the detriment of other tasks, such as working memory. They're essentially consistently channelling their efforts to listen, to effortful listening, and it's showing that there could be some changes in brain connectivity where these other pathways are being weakened. There is that association.