I'll address two different types of investment.
One is to address anti-poverty and anti-homelessness. That requires direct capital investment from the government on an ongoing basis, as well as operationally. Earlier this year, we suggested that the Province of Ontario create a $3-billion fund specifically to capitalize creating over 10,000 spaces. That doesn't include the cost of operating the transitional services that are around them.
On the other side of it is that you need to also create housing that can support the working poor, who don't necessarily need the wraparound services. Among some of the best models to do that is through a public builder, which could either both build and construct but also finance projects in the non-market private sector to create affordable units as part of overall market developments.
I think what's really important is that we look at international models of doing so. These public builders do operate on a cash flow-neutral basis, which means that over time they don't require ongoing subsidies for each new building they create. The result of this is a sustainable institution that doesn't drain public capital over the long term while also developing new assets, which means that it creates the overall net wealth of the government that owns it. These builders leverage public land to use that land value to create these units targeted to those with lower incomes.
That model has been proven time and time again. The initial capital you need to invest in that is a capital cost that should not actually over the long term lose value, which means from a books perspective that it should actually be neutral on government finances if done properly.