We do studies using census data, where we look at income tax, income reported by immigrants, and see how they are doing over a number of years. We compare it to various courts of immigration. For example, we know that our most recent courts are not doing as well as some of the others that we've done before.
We also know from some of the analysis we've done that people who have studied or worked in Canada do much better and much sooner. So this an illustration that immigrants are facing some barriers into labour market integration and we need to assist them more.