Just picking up on that, on slide 3 there are, as I mentioned, three broad streams for permanent migration. There are also three broad streams for admission to Canada: as a temporary resident, as a permanent resident, or as someone looking for Canada's protection.
This slide gives an overview of the components of the temporary program, including temporary foreign workers, international students, and tourist, business visitors.
One point I would make on the temporary foreign worker program is that the program has grown exponentially in the last couple of years, driven in large part, I would say, by the conclusion of bilateral youth exchange agreements whereby Canada and another country agree that youth should have opportunities to travel and work in each others' countries. Those programs have grown by about 30,000 in the last couple of years, with continuing plans to expand. These are led by the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, with support from CIC as the department responsible for issuing the appropriate documentation.
So when we look at the overall stock and flow of temporary foreign workers, there are very distinct segregations. There are the high-skilled workers who come in attached to an employer with a labour market opinion approved by our colleagues at Human Resources and Skills Development. There are those who, subject to Canadian economic interests or bilateral agreements, are allowed forward as temporary foreign workers without a labour market opinion from HRSDC. There is another component of live-in caregivers who do have access to a pathway for permanent residence, one of the few low-skilled occupations that does have such a pathway within federal programming. There's also the seasonal agricultural workers program, where farm workers come from Mexico, Guatemala, and Commonwealth Caribbean countries, and have been doing so since the early 1960s, to perform seasonal agricultural work, primarily in Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec. It's a program that works very well, given the cooperation of sending governments, in that we have about an 80% return rate. Year after year people come, work the summer in Canada, and then go back to their home country for the winter.
On foreign students, there's quite a large push by not only the federal government but also provincial governments to raise the number of international students coming to Canada within a given period of time, and we have seen some success in the last number of years with those numbers growing to reach about 100,000 students entering Canada last year.
In terms of visitor visas....