Trying to enhance consistency at the first instance, at the refugee protection division, is an important objective. Even if there's some way of enhancing first instance decisions, one of my points is that errors are inevitable even in the most robust processes in Canada. In criminal law processes we know that occasionally we get decisions wrong. If we make mistakes in these procedurally robust processes, then clearly we're going to make mistakes in less procedurally robust administrative processes. It's still important that people have access to a refugee appeal division. That would be one point.
The second point would be the experience of other countries that have civil servants as first instance decision-makers is that the vast majority of claims are rejected at the first stage. It's really at the second stage, the appeal stage, where people typically get through.