Clearly, governments are not only entitled but obligated, it's absolutely essential that governments take firm action through criminal law processes, and yes, also through immigration law processes, to respond to concerns about criminality: to prevent crime, to respond to crime when it has happened, and to tend to and deal with the needs of victims of crime, absolutely. Amnesty International, in its human rights work over decades all around the world, has laid out important recommendations as to ways in which governments need to do that.
At the same time, there are other human rights issues that are at stake in these kinds of cases. Amnesty International is by no means saying that serious criminals should remain in Canada. I didn't say that in my submission now; we don't say that in our brief, and we have never suggested that.
What we have suggested and endorsed is that appeal procedures or humanitarian relief mechanisms are an important avenue to ensure that there is an independent and thorough opportunity to examine the totality of a case, to ensure that, yes, the concerns about serious criminality are understood and addressed, but also to understand, if perhaps it's a case in which the concerns about criminality aren't so serious, there may be other very countervailing serious human rights concerns that need to be taken into account.