Thank you.
Thank you all for being here today.
From your interventions, Ms. Long, you spoke mainly about the criteria that's utilized and how unclear it is with the visa officers.
Ms. Taub, you were very clear—need exit controls; use smart card visas.
Peter, I think you've already answered my first question, so I'm going to direct my first question to Elizabeth, if I may, and Peter, if you have something to add, please do so.
One of the main reasons for the study is because, as MPs, we work every day with Canadians who are trying to reunite with their families on a temporary basis and who have difficulty with TRVs. Members opposite have mentioned that fraud prevention is certainly of concern when TRVs are denied, yet according to CIC officials we heard from at the last meeting, 48% of applicants who reapply after a denial are actually approved. Meanwhile, the persons who are making the applications have gone through emotional and perhaps also financial and other stresses through the process of submitting a second application. This certainly speaks to the discretion you were mentioning, Ms. Long, that is awarded to the officers on the notion of intent with respect to the applicant.
I'm wondering if you can speak to the impact it has on families, on businesses, and if you have any recommendations to actually improve the application criteria.