For the sake of clarity, I have not been able to identify that advanced analytics is part of this particular problem. When I look at the applications from certain francophone-speaking countries in certain parts of the world, year to year they're in the rough ballpark of anglophone-speaking countries from the same part of the world.
One of the challenges we have, when we look at the requirement for proof of income, for example, when we're dealing with a country whose economy is not as strong—where the average household income is significantly less than Canada's—are that a lot of people are not admissible to Canada as a result of that particular policy. When we're dealing with French-speaking nations in West Africa, obviously the population is disproportionately Black, and it's a challenge when you look at those differential outcomes.
However, in terms of the English-speaking versus French-speaking, the differential year to year is not as great as I thought it would be. I still think there's a massive opportunity for us to make policy changes, including by introducing the student direct stream to some of these countries, to boost the rate of people who come here and ensure that they're set up for success when they arrive.