Thank you, Madam Chair.
I'm going to just focus on one part of the question and maybe leave some of the other witnesses to answer other parts.
I think the dual intention element is definitely of major concern. There's a provision in [Technical difficulty—Editor] for dual intention, meaning that if I come to Canada temporarily, if I have a future permanent resident intention, that is permissible as long as I can show that I can leave Canada at the end of my authorized stay.
Unfortunately for students, the permanent residence pathway could be five, six or seven years in the future, so that dual intention is not taken into consideration by the visa offices in a very significant way.
Then there are these assumptions about the home country, the family that might be coming and the economic conditions of the country they are leaving, and that is prejudiced into a refusal decision. I think that dual intention really needs a rethink in order for this provision to be successful.