That's an excellent question.
Generally, MP Kayabaga, we have had, both privately and publicly, plenty of opportunity to talk to provinces, including the Province of Ontario, which has seen the largest influx of international students in the past years. We've worked with institutions directly on the recognized institution model prior to my arrival in this position.
My colleague Sean Fraser has said time and time again, in talking to provinces even before I was in this position, that they needed to get their houses in order or we would act.
There is a lot of speculation about who decided the what, when and how about the cap. Mr. Fraser, the former minister in this position and now the current Minister of Housing, was one of the guys who helped me and convinced me to do it. He felt—and I think legitimately—that it was important to do the federal responsibility at this, which is at intake, by continuing to have a more robust mechanism in and around the control of fraud, having the verification letters so that people aren't brought here under false hope, and increasing the financial solvency requirement. This is key, because it's not cheap to live in Canada, so we brought those numbers from $10,000 to $20,000, up to international standards, numbers that are comparable to those of our competitors. Then there was this cap, which is the result, frankly, of intransigence from Ontario in particular but provinces in general to get their own ships in order.
Auditor General report upon Auditor General report has said clearly that there were some measures that provinces had to take. They haven't taken them, but there was ample time to have discussions.
In looking at the hockey stick curve that we saw in terms of the growth and the potential growth of international students on a three-year visa profile from what is about one million today to 1.4 million next year, and even more, we saw that we were in the midst of creating a homegrown asylum crisis in Canada through the carelessness in designating a lot of learning institutions that had been improperly regulated.
We had a lot of those discussions, and there have been plenty of opportunities for partners to get engaged and object or do anything along the spectrum.