This has been a very interesting study. We've seen this unanimity among chiefs from across Canada, who agree that it's been very difficult or impossible to enforce bylaws related to public health measures and control of COVID. In response, we have seen really a patchwork of approaches, with some chiefs preferring to use bylaws under the Indian Act while others have used the First Nations Land Management Act. PPSC entered into an agreement with some first nations in order to try to enforce the bylaws. Manitoba today has talked about, I believe, a protocol to enforce bylaws under the first nations policing program, and Chief Bill has CSO programs, so we see that every community has a different response. Chief Bill said each community is different, which is true.
I think many would say it's colonialist to impose solutions and that each community has to come up with its own approach to its problems, but I have to ask our witnesses what they say about this: Is it realistic for a community of 300 or 400 people to come up with a system of law enforcement and to come up with a system of dealing with their water problems, their transportation problems, and their housing problems? On this problem of enforcement, of laws in first nations, should there be a global solution for the whole country, or should this be a solution that is particular to each community? That's the first thing.
The second is that I think it was Chief Louie who stated that the use of the Indian Act is offensive. He doesn't want to use that. However, I would suggest that under section 107 of the Indian Act, there is a process to appoint justices of the peace to enforce bylaws made under the Indian Act. Although it may be offensive, I would suggest that the process of law-making is slower than continental drift, so it's going to take a fairly lengthy period of time to change the laws on policing. Wouldn't it be better, perhaps, to use the existing laws and to reinstitute the section 107 court?
I throw that out to all of you. Whoever wants to can start.